• Theme 1: Patterns of ageism perceptions, experiences, and anti-ageism efforts across cultures and professional settings, contrasting discourse with lived experience and self-definition in aging [1], [2], [18], [12], [19].

• Theme 2: Cross-national and cross-cultural aging research frameworks and evidence illustrating how demographics, policy, and culture shape aging trajectories and norms across countries [4], [9], [20], [8].

• Theme 3: Conceptualization and measurement of successful aging and aging well, including who defines success and how cross-national MacArthur-based models identify functional subgroups and quality of life in later life [3], [7], [9].

• Theme 4: Education, attitudes toward aging, and socialization processes, examining knowledge gaps, self-age stereotypes, and exposure to elder care in shaping future professionals and public perceptions [10], [12], [11], [16].

• Theme 5: Global aging contexts, migration, and policy implications for welfare and social support, highlighting demographic shifts and cross-national perspectives on aging populations [8], [4], [20], [15].